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how does experience change the way we perceive the world? this element explores the interaction between perception and experience by studying perceptual experts, people who specialize in recognizing objects such as birds, automobiles, dogs. we propose perceptual expertise promotes a downward shift in object recognition where experts recognize objects in their domain of expertise at a more specific level than novices. to support this claim, we examine the recognition abilities and brain mechanisms of real-world experts. we discuss the acquisition of expertise by tracing the cognitive and neural changes that occur as a novice becomes an expert through training and experience. next, we look “under the hood” of expertise and examine the perceptual features that experts bring to bear to facilitate their fast, accurate, and specific recognition. the final section considers the future of human expertise as deep learning models and artificial intelligence compete with human experts in medical diagnosis (1)
newborn imitation has recently become the focus of a major controversy in the human sciences. new studies have reexamined the evidence and found it wanting. imitation has been regarded as a crucial capability of neonates ever since 1977, when two american psychologists first published experiments appearing to demonstrate that babies at birth are able to copy a variety of facial movements. the findings overturned decades of assumptions about the competence of newborns. but what if claims for newborn imitation are not true? influential theories about the mechanisms underlying imitation, the role of mirror neurons, the nature of the self and of infant mental states, will all have to be modified or abandoned if it turns out that babies cannot imitate at birth. this element offers a critical assessment of those theories and the stakes involved (1)
the distinction between humans and the natural world is an artefact and more a matter of linguistic communication than a conceptual separation. this element proposes ecosemiotics as an epistemological tool to better understand the relationship between human and natural processes. ecosemiotics with its affinity to the humanities, is presented here as the best disciplinary approach for interpreting complex environmental conditions for a broad audience, across a multitude of temporal and spatial scales. it is proposed as an intellectual bridge between divergent sciences to incorporate within a unique framework different paradigms. the ecosemiotic paradigm helps to explain how organisms interact with their external environments using mechanisms common to all living beings that capture external information and matter for internal usage. this paradigm can be applied in all the circumstances where a living being (man, animal, plant, fungi, etc.) performs processes to stay alive (1)
throughout human history, the world's knowledge and fruits of the creative imagination have been produced, circulated and received through the medium of the material text. this companion provides a wide-ranging account of the history of the book and its ways of thinking about works from ancient inscription to contemporary e-books, discussing thematic, chronological and methodological aspects of this interdisciplinary field. the first part considers book cultures from local, national and global perspectives. part two, organized around the dynamic relationship between the material book and the mutable text, develops a loosely chronological narrative from early writing, through manuscript and early printing, to the institution of a mechanized book trade, and on to the globalization of publishing and the introduction of the electronic book. a third part takes a practical turn, discussing methods, sources and approaches: bibliographical, archival and reading experience methodologies, as well as pedagogical strategies (1)

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1 图书 Ecosemiotic Landscape
责任者 Almo Farina

出版信息 ,18/02/2021

ISBN 978-1-108-81937-4

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Almo Farina.Ecosemiotic Landscape.,18/02/2021.
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http://opac.cdclib.cn:80/opac/book/1003043206
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Ecosemiotic Landscape

Almo Farina.,18/02/2021.
2 图书 The Expertise of Perception
责任者 James W. Tanaka

出版信息 ,28/02/2022

ISBN 978-1-108-82641-9

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James W. Tanaka.The Expertise of Perception.,28/02/2022.
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http://opac.cdclib.cn:80/opac/book/1003043225
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The Expertise of Perception

James W. Tanaka.,28/02/2022.
3 图书 Newborn Imitation
责任者 Ruth Leys

出版信息 ,30/07/2020

ISBN 978-1-108-82673-0

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Ruth Leys.Newborn Imitation.,30/07/2020.
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http://opac.cdclib.cn:80/opac/book/1003043227
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Newborn Imitation

Ruth Leys.,30/07/2020.
4 图书 The Cambridge Companion to the History of the Book
责任者 Leslie Howsam

出版信息 ,2014-11-12

ISBN 978-1-107-62509-9

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Leslie Howsam.The Cambridge Companion to the History of the Book.,2014-11-12.
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The Cambridge Companion to the History of the Book

Leslie Howsam.,2014-11-12.

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